Chand Baori Abhaneri | Chand Baori India | Chand Baori Step Well | Chand Baori The Deepest Step Well In The World | Rajasthan Tourism

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A millennium ago, step wells were fundamental to life in the driest parts of India. These unique structures, hewn from stone, provided year round access to groundwater, and were a focal point for the community. During the sixth and seventh centuries the inhabitants developed a method of gaining access to clean, fresh ground water during the dry season for drinking, bathing, watering animals and irrigation. However the significance of this invention “The Step well” goes beyond its utilization application. As their name suggests, step wells comprise a series of steps descending from ground level to the water source as it recedes following the rains. When the water level was high, user needed only to descend a few steps to reach it. When it was low, several levels would have to be negotiated.

The Chand Baori (the biggest baori of India) at Abaneri is India’s largest step-well and a great pit-stop when driving across Rajasthan. Chand-baori is the amazing and elaborate architecture. As you step inside the compound you are filled with pure delight and wonder – how could the human mind use a simple thing like steps to create such attractive patterns? In all the 100-foot deep baori has almost 3500 narrow steps in 13 stories. Its beauty and design has not only stood the test of time (it was built somewhere in the 8th or 9th century) but also the abuses of human neglect.

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Chand Baori – in the village of Abhaneri, near Jaipur in the Dausa District of Rajasthan – is the country’s largest step well and one of its deepest. Constructed around 850 AD, it sits in front of the now ruined Harshat Mata temple. In Steps to Water: The Ancient Step wells of India, Morna Livingston notes that it is one of the few water buildings with extensive additions, this making it a fine example of two classical periods of architecture.

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Unlike other old wells, which only benefited from minor mending and whitewashing, Chand Baori was refurbished over the centuries: Mughals rebuilt the upper stories as a palace in the eighteenth century, and added a four-sided arcade which effectively closes the well. A terrace above the arcade offers unbroken views of the Harshat Mata temple and farmland to the south and east. The step well is still in excellent condition as a result of these additions and recent restoration work.

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The design and ornamentation of the two sections of the well – the upper one, Muslim; the lower, Hindu – are quite different. The short and square Hindu columns – built from extremely hard, almost black, stone of unknown origin – feature crisp carvings and rest on similarly carved railings. According to Livingston, “The simplicity and brevity of the column shafts are attractive, and the pavilions they enclose are dark, simple and well proportioned. In the Muslim portion of the well, however, the columns are carved in an unidentified hard green stone. The palace features more curves and organic shapes, in contrast to the straight lines found beneath it. Livingston also points out the spatial compactness of the stair triangles that run parallel to the step well's edge. “The rise-to-run for each flight adds no more than eighteen inches [45 cm] of width to eight feet [2.4 m] of drop, making an extremely sharp descent. The wall is so steep that the top of the stair triangles, seen from the pond’s brim, alternately hide and reveal the people going down from above.”

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Top 10 Fastest Bowlers Cricket | Best Bowlers Ever | All Time Tens

These magicians are truly among the best, and more than one of them is capable of winning an entire match on their own. On a good day, almost all these bowlers eat up the batting line one by one, and set up easy victories. 

01 Muttiah Muralitharan — Sri Lanka

Murali is arguably the best off spinner of all time and has taken 735 wickets, the highest of any list. His highest average is 23. The infamous doosra is just one among his arsenal of fearsome weapons. He played many ODI’s for Sri Lanka and could capture 464 wickets in ODI matches. Muralitharan is the first wrist spinning off spinner in the history of the game. He bowls marathon spells, yet it forever on the attack. The highest number of International Wickets in Test and ODI’s combined (1187wickets). The most 5 wicket haul’s in an innings at Test level (63) and the most 10 wicket hauls in an innings at Test level (20). He is only player to take 10 wicket/match against every Test playing nation. Most “Man of Series” awards in Test cricket (11). The only bowler to take 75 or more wickets in a calendar year on 3 occasions achieving it in 2000, 2001 and 2006.

01-Muttiah Muralitharan

02 Sydney Barnes — England

Barnes played a total of only 27 test matches, and he took 189 wickets for an average of 16.43 runs each. He was six feet one inch in height, lean but muscular, with long arms and long fingers with two or three long, springing strides in his run-up. He delivered the ball when it was at the highest point above his head. His armoury included the leg break, the off break, in-swingers, out-swingers, top-spinners although his chief asset was the leg-break. In all class of cricket, Barnes took 6225 wickets at an average of only 8.31 runs each.

01-Sydney Barnes

03 Shane Warne — Australia

Shane Keith Warne who is largely looked upon as one of the finest leg spin bowlers in cricketing history is a former Australian international cricketer. He is also one of the most popular sports personalities around the world. He is a right-arm leg break wrist spinner and a handy lower order batsman. Shane Warne had more than 700 test match wickets and was voted as among the five Wisden Cricketers of the Century.

In the late 1990s Warne came to be known as the God of Spin. Warne was able to turn the ball exceptionally even on pitches that did not assist spin with unfaltering precision. He had many deliveries in his armory such as the Googly (which turns the other way), the flipper (which goes straight and fast) and the top spinner (which climbs onto the batsman). Warne has performed excellently during the Ashes series. A major credit goes to Warne and the “Gatting Ball” that spun sharply to dismiss Mike Gatting during the 1993 Ashes series is very famous.

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04 Malcolm Marshall — West Indies

In case Dennis Lillee was the best feared bowler of the 1970s then Malcolm Marshall took over that mantle in the 1980s. He was the best of a set of excellent West Indian fast bowlers. He was short for a fast bowler, but put to use this to his benefit by bowling the ball at a low flight at the batsman’s stumps.

Malcolm Marshall was an aggressive pace bowler, and was feared for his bouncer. His average was 20.94 and had 376 wickets in test matches. Marshall was one of the stars of the West Indies team which dominated international cricket for more than a decade from the mid-1970s. At just over 5ft 10in, Marshall was small for a modern-day fast bowler, but combined great accuracy and cunning to claim his wickets.

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05 Sir Richard Hadlee — New Zealand

Sir Richard Hadlee idolized Dennis Lillee, and eclipsed his own idol with 431 wickets in test cricket, and an average of 22.29. He was a finest cricketer New Zealand has produced, Richard Hadlee was a bowler of devastating control and intelligence. He was the first bowler crossing the 400 wicket mark in test cricket. He was one of the four great allrounders of the 1980s.

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06 Dennis Lillee — Australia

Lillee was not a bowler to mess with any time of the year. Almost all batsmen in his time knew and respected Lillee as a fearsome fast bowler. He retired in 1984 with 355 test wickets and an average of 23.92. He was a Wisden Cricketer of the Year for 1973.

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07 Curtly Ambrose — West Indies

Curtly Elconn Lynwall Ambrose is a former right arm fast bowler who played for the West Indies. As he had a height of 2.01 meters (six feet seven inches) he could extract bounce from the pitch with more than a thousand maidens in just 98 tests and although his pace decreased with age he had a precise line and length.

Ambrose has played 98 Test matches in which he has taken 405 wickets at a bowling average of 20.99 in which he has taken 5 wickets in an innings 22 times and 10 wickets in a match 3 times. His best bowling figures have been 8 for 45 and he has taken 18 catches. As a lower order batsman he has scored 1439 runs inclusive of 1 fifty.

In One Day International matches Ambrose has participated in 176 matches wherein he has taken 225 wickets at a bowling average of 24.12 and 5 wickets in an innings 22 times. The best bowling performance has been 5 for 17 and he has taken 45 catches. He has scored 639 runs with the top score of 31 not out.

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08 Glenn McGrath — Australia

McGrath was one of the key players of Australia and the reason for the team to reach great heights since the middle of the nineties. McGrath is the most prolific fast bowler in Test cricket history and the spearhead of Australia's bowling attack for over a decade. Third on the all-time list of wicket-takers behind spinners Shane Warne and Muttiah Muralitharan. Not the quickest fast bowler of all time, but specialises in unerring accuracy around off stump and good bounce and has achieved virtually every honour in the game. He was named Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1998 and was a member of the Australian team that won the 1999 World Cup. He became only the fourth bowler to captured 500 Test wickets when he dismissed Marcus Trescothick in the first Ashes Test at Lord's in 2005. His world cup wickets are the highest among all players. He has an average of 21.64 and this from 124 tests.

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09 Courtney Walsh — West Indies

Courtney Walsh was one of the most destructive fast bowler in 90’s. He had a debut in test arena vs Australia at Perth  in November 1984 ,where the ODI debut has comes up  at Hobart v Sri Lanka in January 1985.  He was very strong both mentally and physically, which has given him the strength to reach 519 Test wickets which was the world record before it was broken by Shane Warne & Muralitharan.

Additionally, he has achieved great success with Curtly Ambrose taking 421 wickets between them in 49 Tests. However, his batting was also very enthralling which includes a record 43 ducks in Test cricket and not outs for 61 times which is also a record.

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10 Wasim Akram — Pakistan

Wasim Akram is known for taking 414 test wickets and a record number of 502 test wickets in ODIs. His average is 23.62 from 104 games. He has bowled two hat tricks in Test Cricket, and is one of only three bowlers having done so, and has recorded the same in ODI’s as well, again one of only three bowlers.

Wasim Akram is a former Pakistani National Cricket Team player, who led Pakistani Team in One Day Internationals and Test Cricket. He is often named as one of the best fast bowlers in the history of cricket. This cricketer was born on 3 June 1966 in Pakistan. In 1988 he begun playing as an International player and has shown his excellence many times in several matches and made his nation proud of him. Wasim Akram was a prominent player in 1992 World Cup when Pakistani Team won the tournament under the captaincy of Legendry cricketer Imran Khan. He was also successful during his time of captaincy. He captained Pakistani Team during 1999 World Cup when Pakistan reached the final. After ruling World of cricket for 19 years he announced his retirement at the age of 36 on 18 May 2003.

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 1. What is computer aided design (CAD)

 

Top Expensive Cars | Top 10 Coolest Cars | Top 10 Best Cars

Bugatti Veyron Super Sport:

The latest edition of the Bugatti Veyron 16.4 is the Super Sport -- a record-smashing, 1200-HP monster (that's 199 HP more than the base Veyron, if you need reminding). You might think that this makes the Super Sport special, but obviously the mere fact of holding the world record for production cars is not special enough. What this car needs is a special edition limited to five cars: the World Record Edition.

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Aston Martin One-77:

Knowing the amount of engineering and craftsmanship that must have gone into the Aston Martin One-77, you're probably wondering how many of these cars will ever grace the planet. The answer is right in front of you: 77 total. Ever. In all countries. Before worrying too much about how you're going to get your hands on one, make sure to have the one-million-pound price tag covered. That's about $1.8 million in U.S. money, depending on the exchange rate.

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Pagani Zonda Cinque Roadster:

A Hong Kong Pagani dealer made a request for "the most extreme road-legal Zonda ever created," and the boys in Modena took him up on the challenge. The Pagani Zonda Cinque debute in 2009 at Geneva (a roadster followed the next year), with modifications from the race-ready Zonda R. It carried a wider front splitter, the adjustable rear wing, and a flat bottom for better aerodynamics. There were new air intakes on the roof and engine cover to cool the engine and the brakes both, and the shock absorbers were created in titanium.

Inside, the Zonda Cinque was a bit more sophisticated than the weight-saving Zonda R had been. It has leather seats with 4-point belts with race-inspired controls. "Cinque" being Italian for "five," you might guess that there were only five of these cars built, with five more Zonda Cinque roadsters in 2010.

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Koenigsegg Agera:

Before there was the Koenigsegg Agera, there was the Koenigsegg CC series, which encompassed some of the fastest, most expensive, most technologically advanced super cars in the world. But all good things must come to an end, and no door closes without another opening, and on and on. And thus, the Agera and Agera R. Company founder Christian von Koenigsegg was specifically inspired by the movement of dolphins through water when spawning the Agera's design, and the car is designed to slip through the air in a simlar fashion.

The name Agera comes from the Swedish for "to take action," which probably made the engineers happy, but it also is short for "ageless" in Greek, which probably made the designers happy, since the Agera will likely be the basis for all Koenigsegg cars for the next decade or so.

On September 2, 2011, the Agera made it into the Guinness World Records with a run of 0-300 kph (that's 186 mph for us Americans) in 14.53 seconds. It did 0-200 mph in 17.68 seconds. It only seems appropriate and safe, then, that the Agera also set braking records from both 300 kph and 200 mph.

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Lamborghini Reventon:

The Lamborghini Reventon was inspired by fighter jets inside and out, from its hi-tech in-dash display to the greenish, militaristic Grey Barra paint. The Reventon is even the only Lamborghini with a G-force meter -- a necessary gauge in a car with a 0 to 62 mph time of 3.4 seconds and a top speed of 211 mph. The car's sharp, aerodynamic angles were designed entirely in-house at Lamborghini HQ in Sant'Agata, Bolognese, Italy. And, like Lambos that have come before, the Reventon is named for a famous Spanish fighting bull.

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Maybach Landaulet:

With the open-top landaulet, Maybach has re-enlivened the great art of building majestic automobiles. True to the tradition of exclusive landaulets, the roof can be opened fully at the rear, while the chauffeur's compartment remains completely enclosed. The passengers are then able to enjoy the clear, blue sky above.

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Zenvo ST1:

The Zenvo ST-1 supercar, which we had earlier talked about this year, has finally gone on sale with a price tag of $1.8 million for each unit. Produced in a limited number of just 15 cars, these cars will be entirely created out of the company outlet in Denmark, which has currently released just 3 editions for the United States. The distribution shall be undertaken by Emporio Motor Group, who reportedly is facing an aggressive pursuit of these 3 cars.

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Mclaren F1:

The concept for the McLaren F1 began in 1988, when McLaren's top brass and designer Gordon Murray decided to use what they'd learned in Formula 1 racing to build a road going supercar -- regardless of cost. The results of their brainstorm, the first car to use a carbon fibre chassis, debuted as a prototype during the 1992 Formula 1 race weekend in Monaco. Interested buyers could order a McLaren F1 built to their specifications -- and wait another two years for it to be hand-built and delivered.

From 1994 to 1998, McLaren produced 107 total F1s, 65 of which were street cars sold to customers. Depending on the exchange rate between dollars and British pounds, the car cost about one cool million when it was new. In 1995, the F1 scored a victory at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, and to commemorate the event McLaren built five LM edition F1s. These extremely rare cars have 691 HP, more down force, improved handling, larger radiators, and a more open exhaust system.

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Ferrari Enzo:

The Ferrari Enzo was named for the company's founder, Enzo Ferrari. It was introduced in 2002, and only 399 were ever built, making it one of the most exclusive supercars -- even for a Ferrari. Italian design firm Pininfarina did the pen work for the body's striking curves and intakes, while Ferrari's own Formula 1 experiences came into play for the power plant.

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Pagani Zonda C12 F:

In 1999, former Lamborghini designer Horacio Pagani brought forth his first ever solo supercar, the Pagani C12, at the Geneva Motor Show. Pagani had been responsible for much of the bodywork on the Countach and Diablo of the 80s and 90s. He used his technical expertise to create the Pagani Zonda C12, as the first car was known. The car carried a 12-cylinder Mercedes-Benz AMG with 394 hp, but it also carried a design influenced heavily by Mercedes' "silver arrows" on the track.

The Zonda S 7.3, a full-fledged supercar, came to Geneva the next year. It went on sale in 2002 with a larger 7.3-litre 12-cylinder from Mercedes. The front was designed to withstand bumps and dings, with all the important stuff set back behind the carbon-fibre seats. The six-speed transmission used a conventional stick shift -- no paddles. A topless Zonda S roadster became available in 2003, with a grand total of 40 ever produced.

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